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-Associated Press |
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The Constitution itself doesn't answer the question, because it gives Congress authority "to raise and support Armies," "to provide and maintain a Navy," and "to declare War." But it also provides that, "The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States."
Congress has formally declared war only five times in U.S. history -- for the War of 1812, the Mexican War, the Spanish-American War, and World Wars I and II. But presidents have approved dozens of military actions with no such declaration, including the Korean conflict and the war in Vietnam.
Well over 100 military operations were ordered without any advance Congressional authorization at all. Recent examples include actions in Grenada, the overthrow of Manuel Noriega in Panama, and intervention in civil wars in Bosnia, Kosovo, and Macedonia.
A federal law, the War Powers Act of 1973, requires the president to consult with Congress "in every possible instance" before deploying U.S. forces. An exception was made for emergencies created by attacks on the U.S. or its armed forces. -msnbc.com
There are good points on both sides. When looking at it from a superficial perspective, I believe that as the commander in chief of the Army and Navy, the president has the power to do these operations. They were not tried to be kept secret, they were done for a good reason (to protect innocent people), and they were not overpowered; they were tactical. Under these conditions, I think the president's actions were justified, though not America's priority at the moment.
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